dqN okpd tks ;s /kkfeZd çopu gekjs osclkbZV is i<rs gS mUgksaus ;g ç'u iwNk gS fd ;s bruk NksVk D;ksa gSA dkj.k ljy gS & esjs çopu ds gjokD; nsus ds ckn esjs 'kCn fQj nks fHkUu O;fDr;ksa }kjk vuqokn fd;k tkrk gS] igys phuh Hkk"kk esa vkSj fQj Lisuh'k Hkk"kk esaA ge lc rhuks tYnh ls cksyrs gS ijarq] fQj Hkh ;s NksVs /kkfeZd çopu djhcu ipkl ehuhV rd pyrs gSA dksbZ Hkh fgyrk ugha ;k cspSu ugha gksrkA gj ,d /;ku ls lwurs gS] igyh ckj ds eqykdkrh vkSj NksVs cPps HkhA

;s /kkfeZd çopu çdkf'kr vkSj NksVk fd;k x;k gS] esjh lekykspuk dks feykdj ;s fy[kk x;k gS ^^elhg vkRek dk oS| ls] ekuuh; T;kstZ okbZVfQYM],e-,-¼T;ksZt okbZVfQYM] /kkfeZd çopu] ih,Vu çdk'ku] 2008] Hkkx IV] i`i`"B- 46&62½A okbZVfQYM dk tUe 1714 esa gqvk Fkk vkSj] ckn esa vkWDlQMZ fo'ofo|ky; ls mPp Lukrdrk çkIr djus ds ckn] baXysaM ds dyhfl;k }kjk fu;qDr fd;s x;s FksA mUgksaus viuk igyk /kkfeZd çopu 1736 esa fn;kA okbZVfQYM x;s] muds vkWDlQMZ fe= tksu vkSj pkYlZ osLyh ds lkFk vefjdk esa /keZçpkjd dh rjgA tc os ykSVdj baXysSaM vk;s mUgsa irk pyk dh mudk çopu dyhfl;k lnL; ds fQj ls tUe ysus dh t:jr us djhcu baXySaM ds lkjs lsod us vius dyhfl;k ds }kj muds fy;s can djus dk dkj.k cukA os iwjs baXySaM ds r[r ls nks"kh Bgjk;s x;s Fks] ijarq ;s gh dkj.k cuk tks yksx mUgsa lquuk pkgrs FksA dyhfl;k ds ckgj ys tk;s x;s dyhfl;k ds lnL; dks fujarj ;s lans'k nsus ds fy;s mUgksaus [kqYys eSnku esa cksyuk 'kq: fd;kA gtkjks dh HkhM+ mUgsa lwuus ds fy;s tek gqbZ tSls os osYl] LdksVysaM] baXySaM] vejhdk vkSj dqN vksj ns'kks esa x;sA mUgksaus vkS'kr% g¶rs esa iaæg ckj çopu fn;s fcuk :ds muds ckdh ds thouHkjA mUgksaus ges'kk çopu fn;k cMh 'kfDr vkSj mRlkg ds lkFkA mudh vkokt ehyksrd lqu ldrs Fks( vkSj ,d ckj mUgksaus çopu fn;k ¼fcuk ekbØksQksu ds½ 138 gtkj yksxks dks dsEcjysax] LdksVysaM esaA os U;qcjhiksVZ] eklkD;qlsVl esa ejs mudk vk[kjh /kkfeZd çopu nsus ds dqN gh ?kaVks ds ckn] lhracj 30] 1770 dksA chyh xzsgke ds mij vkus rd ¼vk/kqfud bysDVªksuhd midj.k bLrseky djds½ T;kstZ okbZVfQYM us bfrgkl esa fdlh Hkh O;fDr ls T;knk yksxks dks çopu fn;k FkkA ijarq chyh xzsgke ds ^^fu.kkZ;Drk** ds lans'k vkSj rjhdks us mudks okbZVfQYM ls cgqr de e'kgqjrk nhA chyh xzsgke Lo;aus Hkh ;s Lohdkj fd;k dh muds fdlh Hkh blkbZ;ksa ds /keZ ;q) ds nkSjku dksbZ iqu:RFkku ugha vk;kA nwljs gkFk ij] okbZVfQYM us fujarj ns[kk çHkqus lnk muds çopu dks iqu:RFkku dk lkFk fn;kA ges chyh xzsgke tSls vkSj yksxks dh t:jr ugha gSa! ges T;kstZ okbZVfQYM ds tSls yksxks dh vkt fQj ls t:jr gS! egsjckuh djds vkidh fdrkc ls erh 9%12 [kksfy;s] vkSj ijes'oj ds bl opu dks i<us [kMs gks tk;sA

^^oS| Hkys paxks ds fy, ugha] ijarq chekjks ds fy, vko';d gS** ¼erh 9%12½A

vki cSB ldrs gksA

vkt vius bl ikB dk vFkZ djhc djhc Hkqyk;k x;k gSA ge oks /kkfeZd çopuksa ls Hkj fn;s x;s gS tks gesa dgrs gS] dSls mUufr djsa] dSls cgsrj esglwl djsa] dSls cgsrj ?kj cuk;s] dSls [kq'k jgk tk;s] dSls lQyrk çkIr djsa vkSj dSls 'kkfjjhd :i ls O;kf/keqDr gksA ge dgs tkusokys ^^vFkZ çdkf'kr** /kkfeZd çopuksa ls tye; dh;s x;s gS] çopuksa ls tye; dh;s x;s gS] Iyk;ekmFk HkkbZ;ksa }kjk vkSj ;s gekjh cIrhl laL—fr ls ugha vkrk gSA ;s vkerkSj ij dkQh fouksnghu gSA lkjs /kkfeZd çopu ,d tSls gh yxrs gSA yksx ;kn ugha j[krs dh D;k çopu fn;k x;k Fkk] D;ksafd cgqr ls fopkj ;s vk/kqfud ^^O;k[;k** esa nh;s tkrs gSA ;g gdhdr esa /kkfeZd çopu ugha gksrs] ijarq isphnk ckbcy dh i<kbZ elhgh dks y{; djrs gq,] pkgs lHkk esa T;knkrj vifjofrZr gks!

dgkW] vksg dgkW] gS çoDrk ftudk dsUn dk lans'k gS u;k tUe vksj ifjorZu\ dgk gS os ftudk eq[; fo"k; elhg vkRek dk oS| dsUnzhr gksrk Fkk & tks vdsys ge lc dks iki] udZ vkSj dcz ls cpk ldrs Fks\ ;s iqdkj dh t:jr gS gekjs le; dh! ;gh gS tks gekjh ih<h;ksa dks t:j gS tksjnkj vkSj Li"V lquus dh bl lalkj ds bfrgkl ds va/ksjs ?kaVs esaA tSls gekjk ns'k fo'ys"k.k djrk gS vkSj lalkj dks jk"Vª mBrk gS O;kdqyrk vkSj jktæksg ls & 'kk;n ge fQj ls lwus gekjs r[r ij gekjs nknk ijnknk dk vkRek cpkusokyk lqlekpkj! gesa t:jr gS mxz lqlekpkj /kkfeZd çopu dh tSls okbZVfQYM }kjk nh;s tkrs FksA vkSj pyh;s [kjkc laxhr dks ckgj Qsad nsrs gS vkSj iwjkus xkus ls 'keZ egslwl djuk NksM ns] vkSj mls fQj ls mRlkg vkSj vkuan ds lkFk xkb;s!

^^geus lwuk gS vkuanHkjk vkokt %
   ;h'kq cpkrs gS! ;h'kq cpkrs gS!
lans'k gj txg QSykb;s(
   ;h'kq cpkrs gS! ;h'kq cpkrs gS!
[kcj gj tehu ij ys tkbZ;s]
   p<kbZ p<h;s vksj ygjks dks ikj dhth;s(
vkxs! ;s gekjs ijes'oj dk vkns'k gS%
   ;h'kq cpkrs gS! ;h'kq cpkrs gS!
¼^^;h'kq cpkrs gS** çslhYyk ts- vksosUl }kjk 1829 & 1907½A

;h'kq gesa dhl pht ls cpkrs gS\ t:jh ugha gS dh fu/kZurk lsaA bfrgkl esa dqN Js"B elhgh Hkh fu/kZurk esa th;s FksA t:jh ugha gS fcekjh lsA dqN Js"B elhgh us bfrgkl esa fcekjh ds miæo lgu dh;s FksA ;h'kq Øql ij ejs vksj e`R;q ls ftyk;s gesas gekjs ikiks ls cpkus! ;gh rks dsUæ dk lans'k gS ckbcy dk! ^^ifo='kkL= ds opu ds vuqlkj ;h'kq elhg gekjs ikiks ds fy;s ej x;k** ¼1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 15%3½A ;s lqlekpkj dk gknZ gSA pyh;s ;s fQj ls lwurs gS] gekjs r[r esa vkx vkSj ilhus ds lkFk fd;k gqvk çopu!

^^elhg ;h'kq ikfi;ksa dk m//kkj djus ds fy;s txr esa vk;k**
       ¼1 rheqfFk;ql 1%15½

vc] tSls ge gekjs ikB ds djhc tkrs gS] ges irk pyrk gS dh ;h'kq uhps [kkuk [kkus cSBs Fks erh ds ?kj esaA cgqr ls eglwy ysusokys vkSj ikih vk;s vkSj ;h'kq ds lkFk [kkuk [kkus cSBsA eglwy ysusokys oks eglwy olwyh djusokys dkenkj Fks tks jkseh ljdkj ds fy;s dke djrs Fksa /keZfu"B ;gwnh muls uQjr djrs Fks D;ksafd os jkseh ds fy;s dke djrs Fks vkSj dj ds fy;s tek dh gqbZ cgqr lh jkf'k vius [kqn ds fy;s j[k ysrs FksA Qjhfl;ks ml le; ds /keZfu"B ;gwnh FksA mUgsa fl[kk;k x;k Fkk fd eglwy djusokys vksj vksj fo'okl?kkrh Fks ;gwnh jk"Vª dksA ^^ikih** oks Fks ftls Qfjfl;ks us fudEek ;gwnh ekuk D;ksafd mUgksaus ;gwnh jhrhfjoktks dks ugha ekukA os Hk;kud ^^ikih** ekus tkrs Fks Qfjfl;ks }kjk D;ksafd mUgksaus ;gwnh dk;ns vksj fjoktks dks ugha ekukA

ge ;s t:j letuk pkfg;s dh ^^eglwy ysusokys** vkSj ^^ikih** ydMs ds Bqdjkusokyk iV~Vk] O;luh ;k vkuan ij yksx ugha FksaA ogk ij ydMs dk Bqdjkus okyk iV~Vk ugha Fkk fQj vksj dksbZ vkuan Hkh ughaA buesa ls dksbZ Hkh O;fDr tks ;h'kq ds lkFk [kkuk [kkus vk;s Fks os O;luh Hkh ugha FksA lkjs eglwy ysusokys vkSj ikih dke djusokys yksx FksA ijarq os Qfjfl;ksa }kjk ckgjh tkfr ds ekus x;s FksA

tc Qfjfl;ksa us ;h'kq dks nwljh tkfr ds yksxks ds lkFk cSBk gqvk ns[kk ^^mlds ¼;h'kq ds½ psyks ls dgk] rqegkjk xq: eglwy ysusokyks vkSj ikfi;ksa ds lkFk D;ksa [kkrk gS\** ¼erh 9%11½A tc ;h'kq us lwuk tks Qfjfl;ksa us dgkW] mUgksaus muls dgkW]

^^oS| Hkys paxks ¼LoLFk gS½ ds fy;s ugha ijarq chekjks ds fy, vko';d gS** ¼erh 9%12½A

Qjhfl;ksa us lkspk os paxs gS & dh os /kehZ gS vksj mUgsa eqfDr dh t:j ugha gS D;ksafd mUgksaus /keZfu"B ;gwnh;ksa ds dk;ns j[ks FksA ckgjh tkfr ds eglwy ysusokys vkSj ikih;ksa dks ekywe Fkk fd os /kehZ ugha FksA blus mudks eqfDr ds fy;s cgsrj mEesnokj cuk;k mu Lo/kehZ Qjhlh;ksa lsA

^^oS| Hkys paxks ¼LoLFk gS½ ds fy;s ugha ijarq chekjks ds fy, vko';d gS**
       ¼erh 9%12½A

eSa ikB ds 'kCnksa dks rhu eqn~ns esa ckaVrk gw¡A

I- igyk] os tks lksprs gS dh os LoLFk gSA

;gk¡ elhg ckr djrs gS Lo;a dks ^^oS|** ;k vkS"k/kh; fpfdRld dh rjg] iki ls chekj vkRekvksa ds fy;sA ijarq tks lksprs gS fd os igys ls gh LoLFk gS] elhg ds fy;s dksbZ lPph t:j ugha gSA os eafnj esa th;s gq, Qjhfl;ksa dh rjg gSA

oks Lo;a esa gh Hkjkslk djusokys FksA mlus lkspk oks /kehZ FkkA mlus dgk¡] ^^gs ijes'oj eSa rsjk /kU;okn djrk gw¡ fd eSa nwljs euq";ksa ds leku va/ksjs djusokyk] vU;k;h vksj O;fHkpkjh ugha] vkSj u bl pqaxh ysusokys ds leku gw¡** ¼ywdk 18%11½A oks gdhdr esa eafnj çkFkZuk djus ugha vk;k FkkA oks 'ks[kh djus vk;k Fkk] vius vkidks nwljs ls rqyuk djus vkSj naHk djrk Fkk fd oks muls cgsrj FkkA

D;k vki mldh rjg gks\ D;k vki mu yksxks ds ckjs esa lksprs gks tks vkils cwjs ikih gS\ D;k vki lksprs gks vki muls cgsrj gks vkSj vki Lo;a gdhdr esa brus cwjs ikih ugha gks\ vxj vki ,sls gks] t:j vki vkRek ds Js"B oS| ds fy;s t:jr dks eglwl ugha djksxsA m//kkjd ;h'kq] vkids fy;s lPps :fpdj ugha gS D;ksafd vkius vius eu vkSj thou esa dHkh Hkh iki dk vijk/k Hkko eglwl ugha fd;k gSA eq>s vkids fy;s dksbZ Hkh vk'kk ugha nh[krh tc rd vkidks vius ikiks dk vijk/kHkko eglwl ugha djk;k tkrkA ogkW ij cq) dks ekuusokys ;k jkseu dsFkyhd yksxks ds fy;s T;knk vk'kk gS oks vk/kqfud lqlekpkj ds /keZ iqLrd laca/kh tks lksprk gS oks cpk;k x;k gS D;ksafd mlus ,dckj çkFkZuk dh gS ;k ckbcy ds dqN in lh[ks gSa! lsok ds =sIiu lkyks ds yacs vuqHko }kjk] eSaus tkuk dh ukfLrd] çHkq dh tkudkjh u j[kusokyk] cq) esa ekuusokyk vkSj dsFkyhd cgsrj mesnokj gS lPps ifjorZu ds fy;s u;s lqlekpkj ds /keZ iqLrd laca/kh ekuusokys Lo&larks"kh ls tks vk[kas can djds vk/kqfud ^^fu.kkZ;Drk** ls cka/kk x;k gSA

^^oS| Hkys paxks ds fy, ugha] ijarq chekjksa ds fy, vko';d gS** ¼erh 9%12½A

Js"B çoDrk T;kstZ okbZVfQYM us dgkW ^^eq>s T;knk vk'kk gS --- lIrkg ds lk¡ros fnu foJke nsus ds fnu dks rksMusokys] Jki nsus okys] 'kiFk ysusokys] mu yksxks ls tks vius vkidks vPNh rjg ls rS;kj lksprs gSA** ¼elhgus dgk½ eglwy ysusokys vksj oS';k, rqe ls igys ijes'oj ds jkT; esa ços'k djrs gS ¼erh 21%31½ --- os ¼tks vius vkidks vPNk ekurk gS½ vHkh rd ugha fl[kk elhgh dk igyk ikB Hkh] vius vkidks ¼tSls½ fu/kZu] e`r] ew[kZ ¼çk.kh tks ugha gS½ ns[ks dh ¼mls elhg dh t:jr gS½ --- tc lsod ikih;ksa ls ckr djrs gS] oks lksprk gS dh oks nwljks ls ckr djrk gS vksj muls ugha** ¼okbZVfQYM] ibid.] i`"B- 53½A ,sls O;fDr dks cgqr de vk'kk gksrh gS dHkh Hkh lPpk ifjorZu dk vuqHko djus dh!

^^oS| Hkys paxks ds fy, ugha] ijarq chekjksa ds fy, vko';d gS** ¼erh 9%12½A

II- nwljk] os tks tkurs gS dh os chekj gSA

elhg ;gkW ij 'kkfjjhd nsg dh chekjh ds ckjs esa ugha cksyrsA 'kkfjjhd chekjh dk bykt bruk T;knk nz< fd;k x;k gS fiUrsdqLr vkSj psjhlesVhDl }kjk bu vk[kjh fnuks esa dh muesa ls dksbZ ;s ikB dk çopu djs] çdj.k ds ckgj] tSls os lanHkZ djrk gS 'kkfjjhd mipkj lsA ijarq iwjkuh dgkor lPph gS] ^^fcuk çdj.k ds xzaFk feF;k rdZ gSA** erh 9%10&13 esa ;h'kq 'kkfjjd mipkj dh ckr ugha djrs gSA in 13 ;s ,dne Li"V djrk gSA

gekjs ikB esa elhg ckr djrs gS] Lo;a dks vkRek ds oS| dh rjg] muds mipkjd thuds vkRek ejus rd chekj gSA okbZVfQYM us dgk] ^^tc gekjs ijes'oj yksxks dh chekj gksus ds ckjs esa cksyrs gS] mudk vFkZ gS os tks vius euesa chekj gS] os tks vius vkRek esa chekj gS --- vxj vki dHkh Hkh LoxZ ds }kj esa ços'k djus dh vk'kk djks] HkkX;oku çHkq ds lkFk lnk ds fy;s jgus] vuar çHkq ds lkFk lnk ds fy;s jgus] vuar çHkq muds HkkX;oku vkRek }kjk vkidks chekj cukuk pkfg;sA chekj dhl pht dk\ --- oks vkRek ¼[kks;h gqbZ½ dks chekj djrk gS dqN cMs ikiks ls] ftlds fy;s oks vijk/kh cuk --- blfy;s O;fDr ikiks esa chekj gksuk 'kq: djrk gS --- ;s iw.kZ ugha gS] vxj çHkq dk dk;Z ikih;ksa ds eu ds }kjk gS] çHkq dh vkRek eu esa xgjkbZ rd tkrh gS vkSj ikih chekj iMuk 'kq: gksrk gS uk flQZ mlds lPps ikiks ds fy;s] ijarq mlds vlyh ikiks ds fy;s --- ^vksg*] dgrk gS ¼ikih½] vc eSa [kkstrk gw¡ dh esjs ikl mRlwd cwjk eu gS] vc esa [kkstrk gw¡ esjk eu lkjs phtksa ds fy;s diVh gS] vc eSa ns[krk gw¡ ikisk dh vly f'k{kk --- vc ¼oks thlus lkspk½ mlds ikl vPNk eu gS] mls irk pyrk gs fd mlds ikl ikiks ds vykok dqN ugha gS --- fQj ¼oks½ ns[krk gS iki cgqr T;knk ikiks ls Hkjs ¼vkSj½ dgrk gS] ^^eSa dSlk vHkkxk euq"; gw¡A eq>s bl e`R;q dh nsg ls dkSu NqMk,xk\** ¼jksfe;ksa 7%24½ --- de ls de [kks;s gq, ikih dks iki dk chekj cuk;k x;k --- vfo'okl dk --- xjhc çk.khus lkspk ¼oks mlds ikl gS½ fo'okl ls igys --- mlus lkspk oks elhg esa ekuusokyk FkkA D;ksafd mlus ,sls O;fDr ds ckjs esa lwuk Fkk tSls elhg --- ijarq vc xjhc çk.kh lksprk gS vc oks vksj T;knk ugha lksp ldrk lw;Z dks gVkus dksA ¼vc ikih½ dgrk gS] ^m//kkj ikus ds fy;s eSa d;k d:\* ¼çsfjrks 16%30½A ¼vc oks dgrk gS½ ^eSa d;k nw] vxj eSa ns ldrk ijarq vc u;k lkgl xjhc [kks;k gqvk] uk'k djusokyk] 'kkfir çk.kh] ;h'kq elhg ds mij\ eSa D;k ns ldrk gw¡ vxj eSa ç;Ru dj ldrk ijarq ,d dk fo'okl çHkq ;h'kq elhg vkSj muds /keZfu"Bk ij \* vc xjhc ikih gdhdr esa chekj gS( xjhc vkRek dks ¼vc½ t:jr gS oS| dh --- xjhc çk.kh vc lkjs fnuHkj foyki djrk gS( oks vkjke ls jgus ls bUdkj djrk gS --- xjhc çk.kh vc dgrk gS ^flQZ elhg dk ygq gh eq>s LoLFk dj ldrk gSA* ,sls yksxks dks t:jr gS ¼elhg½ oS| dh** ¼okbZVfQYM] ibid.] i`i`"B- 54&57½A

^^oS| Hkys paxks ds fy, ugha ijarq chekjks ds fy, vko';d gS** ¼erh 9%12½

III- rhljk] os tks iwjs chekj gS ftls ;h'kq pkfg,A

m//kkjd us dgk¡] lc ifjJe djusokyks vkSj cks> ls ncs gq, yksxks] esjs ikl vkvks( eSa rqEgsa foJke nw¡xk** ¼erh 11%28½A vxj vki ifjJe djrs gks vkSj vius ikiks ds cks> ls Hkkjh eglwl djrs gks] ;h'kq ds ikl vkbZ;sA mUgksaus vkids ikiks dk n.M Øwl ij pwdk;kA mUgksaus mudk cgqewY; ygw NhMdk vkidks ^^lkjs ikiks ls** ¼1 ;wgUuk 1%7½ ls 'kq) djusA os vHkh thohr gS loxZ esa çHkq ds nkfgus gkFk ijA ;h'kq ds ikl vkvks vkSj vkids ikiks dk bykt djokbZ;sA okbZVfQYM us dgk] ^^eSa lwurk gw¡ vki esa ls dqN dgrs gS] ^vki* eq>ls ¼esjs½ vius vkiesa /kehZ eglwl ugha djrk] esjs vius vkiesa /kehZ eglwl ugha djrk] esjs iki esjs pgsjs dks rkdrs gS( esjk Hk"Vªkpkj eq> ij gkoh gks x;k gS( eq>s irk pyk dh eSa çHkq ;h'kq elhg esa fo'okl ugha dj ldrk] eq>s fo'okl pkfg;s( eq>s oS| ¼oksgh½ pkfg;s( vki D;k lksprs gks esjs ikl D;k vk,xk\ eq>s Mj gS eS 'kkfir gks tkm¡xk --- eq>s Mj gS esjk fdLlk Bhd u gksusokyk fdLlk gS --- eS chekj gw¡A eSaus fdrus lkjs iki fd;s gS] esaus mUgsa fdrus yacs le;rd okns fd;s gS --- eq>s Mj gS çHkw dks eq> ij n;k ugha gksxhA*

eSa vkidks dSls çksRlkfgr d:\ eSa vkidks çksRlkghr d:axk vius vkidks I;kjs ;h'kq ds dneks esa j[kus --- vki tks rwVs gq, eu ds gks] eSa vkidks murd vkus dks ys tkrkA ¼er Hkwyh;s½ oks lkjs Js"B opuA ^^vki vc vkb;s tks Fkds gq, vkSj cks> ls yns gq, gks vkSj eSa vkidks foJke nwaxkA** ;h'kq ds ikl vkvks] vkRek ds Js"B rchc --- vksg] vkvks] fQj ls vkvks ;s Js"B oS| ds iklA os vkidk bykt djsaxs] ^^fcu :I, vkSj fcuk nke** ¼;'kk;kg 55%1½ eq¶r esaA vxj vki muds ikl vkrs gks] mudk vuqxzg eq¶r gSA vxj vki ¼mu ij½ fo'okl djus dk ç;Ru djks vki cu ldksxs --- iwjh rjg ¼LoLFk½ --- elhg vkidks 'kq) djsaxs** ¼okbZVfQYM] ibid.] i`i`"B- 60&61½A vkesuA egsjckuh djds [kMs jgh;s vkSj vkids xhr ds ipsZ dk lkrok xhr xkb;sA

ogk¡ ij dOokjk gS ygw ls Hkjk
   bEekuq,y dh ulks ls uhps cgrk gqvk(
vkSj ikih;ksa] ml ck< ds uhps Mwcdh yxkrs gq,]
   vuds lkjs vijk/kh dyad [kksrs gq,(
muds lkjs vijk/kh dyad [kksrs gq,]
   muds lkjs vijk/kh dyad [kksrs gq,(
vkSj ikih;ks] ml ck< ds uhps Mwcdh yxkrs gq,]
   muds lkjs vijk/kh dyad [kksrs gq,A
¼^^ogk¡ ij dOokjk gS** ohyh;e dkÅij }kjk] 1731&1800½A

¼/kkfeZd çopu dk var½
vki i< ldrs gS] Mk¡ gkbej ds lans'k gj g¶rs bUVjusV ij
www.realconversion.com. Click on "fgUnh esa /kkfeZd çopu (Sermons in Hindi)".

You may email Dr. Hymers at rlhymersjr@sbcglobal.net, (Click Here) –
or you may write to him at P.O. Box 15308, Los Angeles, CA 90015.
Or phone him at (818)352-0452.

/kkfeZd çopu ds igys Mks- ØsxVu~ ,y- pku }kjk i<k gqvk ifo= 'kkL= % erh 9%10&13A
/kkfeZd çopu ds igys Jheku csUtkfeu fdudsM xzhfQFk }kjk xk;k gqvk xhr %
^^gfYyyw¸;kg! dSls m//kkjd!** ¼fQfyi ih- Cyhl }kjk] 1838&1876½A