w&kwfESpfopful;yJGawmfonf &kd;&m,Ofaus;rIt& tvGeftifrwefta&;ygaom yGJawmfjzpfyg onf/ ¤if;onf vlom;orkdif;tpOfvkduf acwfumvtpOfxm;aom jyu©'defwpfckjzpfvmcJhonf/ c&pfawmfocif<urvmcif ESpfaygif;ESpfaxmifausmf ?a[mifwD {u&mZfbk&ifu yxrOD;pGmaom jy u©'defukdxkwfa0cJhonf/ taemufwkdif;jyu©'defuJhokdU w&kwfjyu©'defonfvnf; wpfESpfwpfMudrf xkwfa0vQuf&Sdygonf/ taemufwkdif;jyu©'defESifhrwlnDaom tcsufrSm w½kwfjyu©'defonfv\ puf0kdif;ukdtajccHí wGufcsufjyD;xkwfa0vQuf&Sdonf/ tb,faMumifhxkduJhokdU jzpf&ovJqkd&if w½kwfESpfopful;onf ESpfpOfZefeyg&Dvukefykdif;ESifh azazmfyg&Dvv,fwGif usa&mufwwfaom aMumifhjzpfygonf/ reufjzefqkd&if w&kwfESpfopful;ygawmhrnf/ &kd;&m,mOfaus;rItpOftvmt& yGJawmfukdae&mwumrSm cif;usif;jyaeMujyDjzpfonf/ xkdYaMumihf uRefyftzkdUoifhawmfaom rdwfqkH pm;yGJMuD;ukd w&kwfESpfopfull; rwkdifcif,aeUnwGif usif;yMujcif;jzpfonf/

vESifhqkdifaom ywfvrf;aMumif;vnfywf&mwGif tESpf60ywfwkdif;? 12ESpfvQif5Mudrf ywfjyD;aMumif; wGufcsufMuonf/ w½kwftrsdK;om; vESifhqkdifaomjyu©'defukd 12ESpfwkdif;twGuf EkdYwkdufowÅ0grsm;ESpf[lí owfrSwfxm;ojzifh wGm;oGm;owÅ0grsm;(okdY) iSufrsm;? <uuf? EGm;xD;? usm;? ,kef? e*g;? a>r? jrif;? okd;? arsmuf? Muufz? acG;ESifh0uf[lí ESpfukdowfrSwfMuonf/ ,ckESpf(at'D 2012)ESpf e*g;ESpf,lí owfrSwfMuonf/

þykHpHESpf jyu©'deft& ESpfopful;yGJawmfukd w&kwfvlrsdK;rsm; vTrf;rkd;aomwkdif;EkdifiHtoD;oD; wkdUwGif ESpfopfr*FvmyGJawmfukd usif;yMuygonf/ ukd;&D;,m;EkdifiH? *smyefEkdifiH(1873 uwnf;u) AD,rferfEkdifiH? rGefukd;&D;,m;EkdifiH? tif'kdeD;&Sm;EkdifiH? rav;&Sm;EkdifiH? zdvdykdifEkdifiH? pumylEkdifiH? wkdif0rfESifhw&kwfEkdifiH paomEkdifiHtoD;oD;wkdYü yGJawmfukdusif;yMuygonf/ tD&efEkdifiHuJhokdY ta&SY tv,fEkdifiHrsm;wGifvnf; w&kwfESpfopful;yJGawmfukd usif;yvQuf&Sdygonf/

ESpfaygif;axmifcsDuwnff;u a&SYa[mif;? 'PÖ&Dt&aomfvnf;aumif;? &kd;&m,Ofaus;rI t&aomfvnf;aumif;? ]]ESdrf}}[laom Murf;wrf;aome*g;onf ESpfopful;yGJawmftMudKnwGifvl om;ukd pm;wwfonf[lí w&kwfvlrsdK;rsm;,kHMunfvQuf&Sdonf/ ]]ESdrf}} [lonf,aeYacwfwGif Murf;wrf;aome*g;[líjzpfjyD;? ¤if;e*g;ukd teDa&mift0wf0wfqifvQuf tEdkif,lwwfonfukd ,aeYESpfopful;yJGaeYwGif aysmfyJG½TifyGJtjzpfo&kyfaz:jyoMuonf/ þonf a&SYESpfaygif;uwnf; u w½kwfvlrsdK;wkdY\ todnmPfü pmwefqkd;u tvkyfvkyfaeíjzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm awmfu pmwefukd atmufygtwkdif; ac:qkdygonf/

]]pmweftrnf&Sdaom a&S;a>ra[mif;e*g;MuD;ukd¤if;? olESifhtwlol\wrefwkdYukd¤if;? ajrMuD;ay:okdY csvkdufMu\(Asm'dwf 12;9)/

okdYaomfvnf; pmwefonf teDa&mifzJMudK;rsm;? rD;awmufrD;vQHukd raMumufwwfygbl;µ ¤if;teDa&mifonfe*g;MuD;ukd tEkdif,lzkdYqkd&mwGif? taoG;awmfjzifh,ZfylaZmfjcif;ukd &nfnGef;aejyD; c&pfawmfocif\ taoG;awmfukd ukd,fpm;jyKaeygonf/ Ekwfuywfawmfüvmonfum; ]]okd;o i,f\taoG;awmftm;jzifh}} (a,½Ic&pf\taoG;)tm;jzifh pmwefukdtEkdif,lEkdifonf/ (Asm'dwf 12;11)/ w½kwfESpfopful;yGJawmfonf tb,fykHtb,fenf;tm;jzifh jzwfoef;Muygap? wu,f wef;usawmh w½kwfEkdifiHonf urÇmYbmomMuD;4&uftm;jzifh jzwfoef;aejcif;jzpfonfukd em; vnfMu&ygrnf/

w½kwfEkdifiHokdY omoemjyKzkdYuRefyfukd bk&m;ocifzdwfac:cH&aomtcg? uRefyfvnf;yxr w½kwfESpfjcif;toif;awmfokdYyg0ifcJhonf/ a'gufwmwDarmaovif;tm;jzifh omoemtawGYtMuHK ukdoifMum;ay;cJhonf/ xkdq&mMuD;onf w½kwfusrf;pmausmif;ü bmompum;aA' ukdoifMum;olyg/ olonf abmwf*sLH;wuúokdvfu ausmif;qif;wpfOD;jzpfonf/ 1960-1670 Mum;uRefyftm;ynmoifay;aom toifq&mvnf;jzpfovkd? uRefyf\ oif;tkyfq&mMuD;wyg; vnf;jzpfonf/ olonf w½kwfEkdifiH{0Ha*vdwm0efcH a'gufwm *sdrf;[kwfqefawvm 3 ESifhtwl w½kwfukd omoemjyKoGm;a&mufcJholjzpfonf/

qefz&efppöukd? [mrDwefpuGD;,m; ESpfjcif;toif;awmfoif;tkyf? a'gufwma';0d'ftdefeufpf vnf;? a'gufwmvif;ukd abmwf*sLH;wuúokdvfü odcJhonf/ a'gufwmtdefeufpfu uRefyftm; a&mr 1;18-32 ygwfowfaom? a'gufwmvif;\ usrf;ukd;um;csufrsm;udk ay;tyfcJhzl;onf/ usrf;nGef;eHygwfwpf (1) a&mr 1;18-20 tvif;wef;ukdaz:jyjcif;(2)a&mr 1;21-25 tvif;ukd jiif;qefjcif;(3)a&mr 1;26;32tvif;ukd a½TUoGm;jcif;[laom tcsufukdBudKufESpfoufygonf/ okdY aomfvnf;tcsuf(4)csufjzifh tqHk;owfygrnf/

1/ yxr? w½kwfEkdifiHonf wqlwnf;aombk&m;ukd udk;uG,faomEkdifiHwEkdifiHjzpfonf/

a'gufwmvif;u w½kwfEkdifiHtygt0if urÇmYEkdifiHtoD;oD;wkdYonf wqlwnf;aombk&m; ukdom ,HkMunfcJYMuonf[lí ajymcJYonf/ a'gufwmvif;nTef;xm;aom a&mr1;18-20 usrf;ykd'f ukd a'gufwmcsefrS rMumao;cifu zwfMum;cJYonf/

]]or®mw&m;ukdt"r®jzifh qD;wm;ESdyfpufaomolwkdY? jyKwwfaombk&mrJYaejcif;trI w&m;ukd vGefusL;jcif;trItrsKd;rsKd;wdkY wzufübk&m;ocif\ trsufawmfonfaumif; uifrSxif½Sm;vQuf½Sd\ tb,faMumif;enf;[lrlum;?odtyfaombk&m;ocif\tMumif; t&mwkdYonf olwkdYwGifxif½Sm;vQuf&Sd\/ bk&m;ocifonfolwkdYtm;jyawmfrlNyD/ tb,fokdYenf;[lrlum;? zefqif;awmfrlaomt&mrsm;ukd axmuf½Iojzifh? xm0&wefcdk; awmfESifhxm0&tjypfawmfwnf;[laom rsufjrifr&aombk&m;ocif;\ t&mwkdYonf urÇmwnfonfumvrSpí xif½Sm;vQuf&SdMu\/ xkdYaMumifh olwkdUonfukd,fhtjypfukd rzHk;Eddkif&m (a&mr 1;18-20)/

þonf a&S;tqufqufü tb,frnfuJYokdYjzpfcJYonf[laom yHk&dyfrsm;yifjzpfonf/ e*dkrlvtm;jzifh? vlom;rsKd;EG,fpkwckvHk;onf bmompum;wpfrsKd;wnf;ukdom toHk;jyKcJYMu onf/ ]]ajrBuD;om;taygif;wkdYonf bmomwpfrsKd;wnf;? pum;wpfrsKd;wnf;&SdMuonfjzpfí}} (urÇmOD;11;1)/ okkdYygaomfvnf; tjypf0ifvmaomtcg? AgAkvkef&JwkdufBuD;ukdwnfaqmufcJYMu\? ]]okdYjzpfí xkdNrdKYüxm0&bk&m;onf ajrBuD;om;taygif;wkdY\pum;ukd &IwfaxG;apí? olwkdY ukdajrBuD;wjyifvHk;ü t&yf&yfuJGjym;apawmfrlaomaMumifh xkdNrdKYonfAgAkvkefNrdKY[líwGifownf; (urÇmOD; 11;9)/

AgAkvkef&JwkdufBuD;rSvltaygif;wkdYonf t&yf&yfokdYuGJjym;Muaomtcg? tcsKdYaomolwkdY onf tckw½kwfEdkifiH[kac:wGifaom urÇmYta½S;bufjcrf;okdY c&D;ESifcJYMu\/ (1815-1897)ckESpf a'gufwm*sdrf;vufcsfonf w½kwfvlrsKd;taMumif;avhvmqnf;yl;aom ynm½SifwOD;jzpfonf/ ol onfatmzfpazgYwuúokdvfü w½kwfpum;ESifhpmayukd ESpfESpfq,fwkdifoifMum;ay;oljzpfonf/ ol \pmtkyfjzpfaom The Religions of China [laompmtkyfüa'gufwmvufcsf aumufEkwfwifjy xm;onfrSm w½kwfEkdifiHonf (monotheism) [laom wqlwnf;aombk&m;ukd ,HkMunfaomEkdifiH jzpfonf[líqkd\/ xkdbk&m;ukd (Shang Ti) (aumif;uifbHkt½Sif)[kac:Muonf/ a'gufwmvufcsf ue*kduwnf;u w½kwfvlrsKd;wkdYonf c&pfawmfray:rSDESpfESpfaxmifuwnf;u wpfqlwnf;aom bk&m;ukd ukd;uG,fcJYMuonf/ þonf uGefzl;½Syfray:cif 1500ESpfavmufujzpfonf/ (551-479bDpD)?(563-483bDpD)wGif Ak'¨onfarG;zGg;cJYonf/ Ak'¨bmomonf tdEd´,EkdifiHrSw½kwfEkdifiHokdY 0ifvmcJYygonf/ þuJYokdY tjcm;wyg;aom bmomw&m;0ifvmcJYjcif;jzpfonf/ uGefzl;&Syfbmom onf bmomw&m;wckawmhr[kwfcJYyg/ ¤if;onf tusifhpm&dwåydkif;qkdif&mcH,lcsufomjzpfonf/ a½Suusaom w½kwfvlrsKd;wkdYonf wqlwnf;aom a&SmifwDbk&m;ukd 0wfjyKukd;uG,fMuygonf/ þonf uGefzl;½Syfrwkdifcif? Ak'¨bmomr0ifcif vGefcJYaom ESpfaygif;1500ausmfuyifjzpfonf/ acwfaygif;rsm;pGm ausmfvGefygaomfvnf; a&S;½kd;&mpdwf0dnmOfrsm;ua&SmifwDbk&m;ukd (Shang Ti) ukd;uG,f aeqJyifjzpfonf/ a&S;½kd;&m,Ofaus;rIrsm;ukd pdwfESvHk;om;xJ pGJxifaeqJyifjzpfonf/ a'gufwmvufcsf\ tawG;tjrifonfvnf; a'gufwm0Dvf[efcrd\ tjrifESifhtwltwlyifjzpf onf/ (The Origin and Growth of Religion, Cooper Square Publishers, 1972 edition). a&SmifwD? aumif;uifbHkt½Sifonf w½kwfvlrsKd;wkdY\ a&Syttqufquf ukd;uG,fcJYMuaombk&m;jzpfonfµ aus;Zl;jyKí oD;csif;eHygwf(6)\ yxrpmom;ukdoDqkdMupkdY/

-igY0dnmOfbk&m;&Sifukd csD;rGrf;yg? ocifajcawmf&if;üxl;axmuftpOf
a&G;Ekwf? u,fwifcGifYvTwfcJYNyD xkdt½SifuJYodkYwkEIdif;zG,f&SdtHYenf¿
[mavvk,m [mavvk,m csD;rGrf;avmhµ
   (1793-1847[ife&DzufzfvkdufwfoDuHk;aom ]]igY0dnmOfxm0&t½Sifukd
csDrGrf;avmh)/

xkdt½Sifonf a½SmifwDt½Sifjzpfw,f? aumif;uifbHkt½Sifjzpfw,f? uREkfyfwkdY\ ocifc&pfawmf\ crnf;awmft½Sifjrwfjzpfonf/µ

2/ 'kwd,? w½kwfEkdifiHonfbk&m;trsm;udk;uG,faomEkdifiHjzpfvmonf/

&mpkESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuyif w½kwfvlrsKd;rsm;onf a½SmifwDbk&m;?(aumif;uift½Sif) wqlwnf; aombk&m;ukd udk;uG,fjcif;rS bk&m;trsm;ukd;uG,fjcif;okdYajymif;vJaecJYMuonf/ þa'oemawmfr wkdifcifu a'gufwmcsefzwfMum;cJYaom Ekwfuywfw&m;awmfü vmonfum;?

]]taMumif;rlum? xkdolwkdYonfbk&m;ocifukdodvQufyif? bk&m;ocifukddcsD;rGrf;oifh onftwdkif;rcsD;rGrf;? aus;Zl;awmfukdvnf;rcsD;rGrf;? aus;Zl;awmfukdvnf;rodrrSwf tcsnf;ESD;awG;qjcif;? owdr&SdaompdwfES vHk;rkdufrJjcif;odkYa&mufMu\/ ynm&Sd a,mifaqmifvQufESifhvlrkduft&mü wnfMu onfjzpfí? razmufjyefrysufpD;Ekdif aombk&m;ocif\*kPfawmfukdy,fvQuf? azmufjyefysufpD;wwfaom vl\½kyfw om;iSuftp&Sdaom wGm;wwfaomwd&dpämef\ ½kyfwkwkdYukdbk&m;ocif;t&mücsD; ajrmufMu\/ (a&mr 1;21-23)/

w½kwfEkdifiHü jzpfysuforQonf tar&duefEkdifiHü jzpfysufvQuf&Sdaom t&mrsm;omjzpfonf/ a&S;,cifu w½kwfvlwkdYonf wqlwnf;aombk&m;ukd udk;uG,fcJYMuonf(a&SmifwD)aumif;uifbHk t&Sif[lí ac:Muonf/ xkdenf;wl tar&duefEkdifiHü tajccsaexkdifcJYolwkdYonfvnf; wqlwnf; aombk&m;ukdom ,HkMunfcJYMuonf/ olwkdYonf tar&duwkdufukd &SmazGc&D;oGm;aeMuolawGyif jzpfonf/ olwkdYonf bmoma&;vGwfvyfjcif;ukd &vkdaomc&pf,mef,HkMunfolawGjzpfonf/ yxraus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;cJYpOfu? bk&m;&Sifonf olwkdYukduG,fumcJYjcif;ESifh axmufrulnDjcif;t wGufaus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;cJYMuonf/ ,aeYESpf400ausmfvGefaomtcg? tar&duefvlrsKd;rsm;onf t&m&mtwGuf bk&m;ESifhrywfowfawmYbl;[lí tawG;0ifaeMuNyD/ ,aeYwGif?tar&duefvlrsKd;wkdY onf wpdrf;qefaom,HkMunfcH,lrIESifh ,HkrSm;aombmoma&;,HkMunfrIrsm; aemufvdkufaeMuNyDjzpf onf/ trsm;aomtar&duefvlrsKd;wkdYonf bk&m;½SiftrSefwu,fwnf&Sdjcif;ukd r,HkMunfMuawmh ay/ ESpf400aemufykdif;u tar&duefom;rsm;uom wpfqlwnf;aom bk&m;ukdukd;uG,fcJYMuonf/ a&S;,cifu w½kwfvlrsKd;uJYokdYjzpfMuonf/ ,ckqkdvQifolwkdYvnf;rSm;,Gif;aom bk&m;trsm; aemufokddYvkdufaeMuNyD/ trsm;aomtar&duefvlrsKd;rsm;awG[m ]]MuufqifaeY}} twGufwmaus;Zl; awmfcsD;rGrf;aeMuayNyD/ bk&m;½SifukdcsD;rGrf;rnfYtpm; Muufqif\tom;ukdom 0atmifpm;MuNyD; bD,maomufum TV MunfYMuawmh\/ w½kwfvlrsKd;rsm;uJYokdY? ppfrSefaom bk&m;ukdukd;uG,fjcif; rS&yfwef;cJYMuNyD;jzpfonf/

]]ynm&Sda,mifaqmifvQufESifhvltrdkuft&mü wnfMuonfjzpfí? razmufjyefrysuf pD;Ekdifaombk&m;ocif\ *kPfawmfukdy,fvQuf? azgufjyefysufpD;wwfaomvl\ ½kyfwk?om;iSuftp&Sdaom Gm;wwfaomwd&dpämef\½kyfwkwkdYukd bk&m;ocif;t&mü csD;ajrmufMu\/ (a&mr 1;22-23)/

3/wwd,?w½kwfEkdifiHonf bk&m;rJhaom EkdifiHjzpfvmonf/

1949? atmufwkdbm1? &ufaeYwGif armfpDukef;EsifhuGefjrLepf tiftm;pkrsm;u w½kwfEkdifiHukd odrf;ykdufcJhonf/ moa- armfukd c&pf,mefomoemjyKq&mrsm;u ]]0dnmOfa&;&mukd&efpol}} [k ac:cH&onf/ aemif10ESpf a&mufaomtcg EkdifiHjcm;om;omoemjyKq&mrsm;onf uGefjrLepfwkdY \&efvkdrI? owfjzwfrIaMumifh w½kwfEkdifiHrS wdrf;a&SmifoGm;cJhMuonf/ EkdifiHjcm;omoemjyKq&m rsm;jyefoGm;jyD; aemufykdif;wGif? jynfwGif;c&pf,mefrsm; tm;nSif;yef;EsdyfpufrI wkd;jrifhvmcJhonf/ vltajrmuftrsm;aoaMuMuonf/ tjcm;aomolwkdYonf xkdif0rfokdUajy;cJhMuonf/ axmifaygif; rsm;pGmaom w½kwfc&pf,mefrsm;onf tzrf;cH&MujyD; axmifxJoGif;csjcif;udk cH&Muonf/ tenf; i,fwkdYonf tHhMozG,ftusOf;axmifxJü touf&SifvQufvGwfajrmufvmcJhMuonf/ 1950ckESpf wGifarmfpDwkef;onf EkdifiHwum qufqHa&;wHcg;ukd ydwfvkdufjyD;jzpfonf/ 1972ckESpf? azaz:0g&Dv? or®wedZGefwufvmonftxd w&kwfEkdifiHonf EkdifiHwumqufqHa&;wHcg;ukd ydwfxm;cJh&onf/ or®weDZGef\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm;onf ta&;ygt&ma&mufaom orkdif;t vSnfYtajymif;wpfck jzpfvmonf/ aemifwGif wr®weDZGef\ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;onf aemifvm aemufom;rsm;ukd twk,lzG,f&v'fwck tjzpfusef&pfcJh\/ w&kwfEkdifiH tygt0if? trsdK;rsdK;t aMumif;aMumifh wkd;wufrI&SdapcJhonf? tar&duefEkdifiH\ ynma&;ukdvnf; zHGYjzdK;jynfh0rI&Sdap cJhonf/ olonf qkdAD,ufjynfaxmifpkokdY tv,foGm;a&mufcJhaom yxror®wwpfOD;jzpfvmcJh jyD;? or®m&Duefvkyf&ufaMumifh tpdyfpdyftrTmtrTm vGJcJh&aom (raumif;qkd;0g;tifyg,m) trIudpö ukd jyefzgxnfhay;Ekdifaom or®wjzpfonf/ eDZGefonf urÇmMuD;ukd tajymif;tvJ ajymif;vJ apcJhaom or®wjzpfonf/ xkdor®wr&SdyJ w&kwfEkdifiHESifh vnf;tquftoG,f&SdEkdifrnfrxifµ w&kwfEkdifiHrS þtar&duefokdY ynmoifMuaomausmif;om;rsm;yifvnf; or®weDZGefr&SdyJ þae &mü vmEkdifrnfr[kwfygµ oifvnf; w&kwfEkdifiHokdY tv,foGm;Ekdifrnfr[kwfayµ

EkdifiHjcm;om;omoemjyKq&mrsm; r&dSonfhaemufykdif;wGif jynfwGif;c&pf,mefrsm;onf zrf;qD;jcif;? temo&jzpfatmif &kdufeufjcif;? pojzifhw&kwfEkdfifiHwGif touf&Sif&cJhMuonf (Source: China: The Blood-Stained Trail, Riley K, Smith, The Voice of the Martyrs, 2008, pp. 62-63).

bk&m;rJU0g'Dorm; uGefjrLepfwkdYonf or®mwusrf;pmawmfukd arharhavQmhavQmharhaeMuonf/

]]bk&m;ocifr&Sd[k rkdufaomolwkdYonf xifwwf\ (qmvH 14;1)/

bk&m;trsm;&Sdjcif;? bk&m;rJhjcif;jzpfaom uGefjrLepf0g'Drsm;ukd or®musrf;pmawmfu ]]rkdufrJhjci;f}} [lí ac:ygonf/ tb,faMumifhqkdaomf tb,folrQ bk&m;ocifudktao rowfEkdifíjzpfonfµ or®musrf;pmwGif ]]xm0&}} [líac:xm;ygonf(w&m; 33;27)/ þonf uRefyfwkdYukd tcsuf(4)csufukd ykdYaqmif ay;ygonf/

4/ pwkw¬? tckqkdvQif? w&kwfEldifiHonfwqlwnf;&Sdawmfrlaom bk&m;ocifxHawmfokdY ajymif;vJvm MujyDjzpfonf/

ya&mzuf? a,&rdutHhMozG,f þuJhokdY az:jya&;om;xm;ygonf/

]]tkd xm0&bk&m; . . .wyg;trsdK;om;wkdYu ?tu,fpifppf tuRefyfwkdY bkd;ab;wkdY onf rkom? tewÅ? tcsnf;ESD;aomt&mwkdYukd tarGcHMuygjyD[k ajrMuD;pGef;rSukd,f awmfxHokdY vmíavQmufMuygvdrfhrnf (a,&rd 16;19)/

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You may email Dr. Hymers at rlhymersjr@sbcglobal.net, (Click Here) – or you may
write to him at P.O. Box 15308, Los Angeles, CA 90015. Or phone him at (818)352-0452.

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