ayusif;NrdKU? urÇmhtdkvHypf tm;upm;yGJawmfBuD;udk ra&rwGufEdkifavmufatmif oef;ESifhcsDaom urÇmol^om;rsm;wDAGDzefom;jyifuae MunfhcJhMurSmyg/ w½kwfEkdifiH\ pD;yGm;a&;onfvnf; ½kwfw &uf tjcm;aomEdkifiHrsm;xuf jrefqefwdk;wufjcif;ajymif;vJaeNyD/ xdkaeYn urÇmay:&Sd vlom;wkdY\ rsufpdonf w½kwfEdkifiHajray:odkY tMunfhcsif;qHkMuayrnf/ ydkíxl;jcm;onfrSm vGefcJhaom (25)ESpf avmufupí c&pf,mef,HkMunfolrsm; BuD;xGm;ajymif;vJaeonfudk tHhMozG,fawGU&ygonf/

Time wdkif;rfr*¾Zif;\ tpdk;&Xmeu tBuD;tuJ a';0d'ftdwfref; a&;om;aom Jesus in Beijing (Regnery Publishing, Inc, 2003) pmtkyfü a&;om;xm;onfrSmç

w½kwfEdkifiHonf c&pf,mefbmom0if wdk;wufrsm;jym;vmygonf/ w½kwf jynfol^om;tm;vHk; c&pf,mefjzpfMuvdrfhrnf[k qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfyg/ w½kwfEdkifiH onf vlrIa&;ESifh ,Ofaus;rI vTrf;rdk;aom aus;vufa'oESifh NrdKUBuD;jyBuD;rsm;rS c&pf,mefajymif;vJol EIef;jrifhwufvmygonf/ q,fpkESpf(3)pkajrmufcsdefwGif w½kwfvlOD;a&;\ (30) &mcdkifEIef;onf c&pf,mefrsm;jzpfMuonfqdkonfrSmvnf; jzpfEdkifavmufygonf/ ESpfpOf ESpfwdkif; (7)&mcdkifEIef;cefY c&pf,mef,HkMunfol jzpfvmMuonf/ xdkEIef;xm; onf urÇmay:0,f c&pf,mefajymif;vJvmEIef; trsm;qHk;aom EdkifiHüyg0ifygonf/ c&pf,mefEdkifiHrsm;pGm&Sdonfteuf w½kwfEdkifiH c&pf,mefjzpfvmEIef;onf ESpfq,fhwpf &mpkESpftwGuf a&SUwef;u OD;aqmif aeygonf/ tm½Swdkuf&Sd w½kwfEdkifiH\ c&pf,mefajymif;vJEIef; xuf0ufonf vGefcJhaom q,fpkESpf ESpfpkwGif urÇmwpfcGifvHk; c&pf,mefjzpfEIef;twdkif;twmudk pHcsdefcsKd;ygvdrfhrnf/ þonf zdvpf*sifuif\pmtkyf jzpfaom The next Christiandom c&pf,mefavmutopf[laom pmtkyftm;jzifh em;vnf&ygonf/ ,aeYwGif w½kwfEkdifiHonf urÇmay:0,f r[mtiftm;BuD;EdkifiH jzpfaeayNyD/ c&pf,mefwkdY\ todynm<u,f0jcif;onf Oa&myESifh ajrmuftar&durS w½kwf EdkifiHodkY vSnfhajymif;aeNyDjzpfonf/ (21)&mpkonf urÇmay:wGif w½kwfwdkY \ &mpkESpfacwfBuD; jzpfaeNyDvm;? xdkpmtkyfü tm;&auseyfzG,f aumif;aom c&pf,mefbmomonf w½kwf,Ofaus;rIudk vTrf;rdk;vmNyD; vmrnfh q,fpkESpfrsm; txd vTrf;rdk;ae ayOD;rnf/ xkduJhodkY c&pf,mefbmom w&m;vTrf;rdk;jcif;u uREkfyfwdkYtouf&Sifaom urÇmBuD;udkyif ajymif;vJapyg vdrfhrnf [k (David Aikman, Jesus in Beijing: How Christianity is Transforming China and Changing the Global Balance of Power, Regnery Publishing, Inc. 2003, pp. 285, 291, 292).

odkYygaomfvnf; w½kwfEdkifiHc&pf,mefbmomodkY tHhtm;oifhzG,f ajymif;vJjcif;onf vG,fvifh wul jzpfvmNyDawmhr[kwfyg/ 'kwd,urÇmppfyGJrsm;ü c&pf,mefomoemudk aoG;acR; rsuf&nf usvsuf yifyef;'ku©aygif;rsm;pGm BudK;pm;vkyfaqmifcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ w½kwfEdkifiH c&pf,mef jzpfvmzdkY aoG;pGef;wdkufyGJrsm;pGm pmwefrm&fewfESifh ESpfwpf&mwdkufyGJtxdwdkif wdkufyGJ0ifqifEGJcJh&ygonf/ uREkfyftaejzifh vufa0SUorm;rsm;\ (1900) ckESpfavmufu xkd;ESufwdkufcdkufrIrsm;udk ajymajy vdkygonf/ Riley K. Smith ajymMum;onfrSm-

       vufa0SUorm;rsm;u c&pf,mefbmom0ifolwdkYtm; Burf;wrf;&ufpufpGm tBurf;zufwdkufcdkufcJhMuygonf/ omoejyKq&mrsm;onf w½kwfEdkifiHom; rsm;\ pdwf"gwfrsm;udk cdk;,lMuNyD; uav;oli,fwkdY\ tem*gwftjrifudkvnf; ajymif;vJ arSmufrSm;aponf[laom (ZlZD{u&mZfbk&ifr\)tjrifudk vufcH,HkMunfMuonf/ {u&mZf bk&ifr a':0gumonf (1900) ckESpf? ZGefv (20)&ufaeYwGif (tjzLa&mif 0dnmOfqdk;rsm;)udk qefYusifMuNyD; taoowf&ef vQKdU0SufpGm trdefY xkwfjyef cJhygonf/ vlowform;rsm;jzpfaom vufa0SUorm;rsm;u NrdKUBuD;rsm;udk qdk;qdk; 0g;0g; zsufqD;Muonf/ xdkolwkdYu wpftdrfwufwpftdrfqif; c&pf,mef bmom0if emrnfrsm;udk aumufcHpm&if;,lum tydkif;ydkif;owfjzwfchJMuonf/ omoemjyK q&mBuD;rsm;ESifh w½kwfEdkifiH&Sdc&pf,mefrsm;udk acgif;jzwfowfjzwfcJhMuygonf/ &SefpDNrdKU aw,efonf t&ufpufqHk; owfjzwfrI usL;vGefaomNrdKUjzpfygonf/ NrKdUt0ifwHcg;rsmudk ydwfxm;cdkifNyD; axmifacsmufqifum zrf;qD;wdkufcdkuf owf jzwfcJhMuygonf/
      (1900) ckESpf ZGefvaemufqHk;&ufwGif &mZ0wfom;tkyfpkrsm;u NAdwdefESpfjcif; toif;awmfESifh &Smtdk,ef;omoemjyK0ef;udk rD;½IdUzsufqD;cJhMuygonf/ omoemjyK q&mBuD;rsm;ESifh w½kwfc&pf,mef bmom0ifwkdYonf rdkif0ufavmuf a0;aom ESpfjcif; vli,frsm;ausmif;odkY cdk0ifykef;a&SmifcJhMu&ygonf/ xdkae&modkY olwkdY a&mufaomtcg omoemjyKq&mrjzpfaom tD'uf[kwfonf w½kwftrsKd;orD; ausmif;olESpfOD;udk xdkrD;avmifaeaomausmif;ü usefcJhonfudk odoGm;ojzifh q&mr onf rD;avmifaeaom taqmufttHkodkY ajy;vTm;u,fwifcJhygaomfvnf; &mZ0wfom;rsm;u zrf;qD;rdonfhtwGuf xdkrDxJüyif taocHapcJhygonf/ omo emjyKq&mr tD'uf[kwfonf aemufqHk; toufrxGufcif xdkrD;xJüyif qkawmif; um toufcsKyfcJh&ygonf/
      xdkodkY&ufpufowfjrwfrIudk Mum;í pdwfqdk;aeaom omoemjyKq&mrsm;ESifh w½kwfEdkifiH&Sd c&pf,mef,HkMunfolrsm;udkvnf; zrf;qD;NyD; ausmufcJESifh tao owfMuygonf/ vnfyif;udkjzwfNyD; taoowfMuonf/ xdkodkY taocHaom olwdkY\acgif;udkjzwf,lum NrdKUwHwdkif;ay:wGif csdwfqGJvsuf tjcm;aom c&pf,mef rsm;udkvnf; owday;cJhMuygonf/ xdkowif;udkMum;í rGef*dk;vD;,m;odkY tjcm;aom rdwfaqGESifhrdom;pkeJYtwlxGufajy;wdrf;a&SmifoGm;aom rdwfaqGwpfOD;u a&;om;cJh onfrSm ]]tu,fí xdk&ufpufjcif;xJrS uREkfyfwkdY rvGwfajrmufcJhygu uREkfyfwdkYonf c&pfawmftwGuf touf&Sifovdk c&pfawmftwGuf taocHonf[lí a&;om; cJhygonf/ w½kwfEdkifiHodkYvma&mufNyD; omoemjyKonfhtwGuf aemifwr&&SdcJhyg/ udk,fawmf\ a&G;aumufjcif; aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh ac:zdwfaejcif;jzpfonf/ aMumuf&GHU vGef;í wkef&DpGma&;om;xm;aom vufa&; pmrltwGuf cGifhvTwfMuyg [lí}} a&;om;ygonf/ xdkolESifhtaygif;toif;rsm;u rMumrSDacgif;tjzwf cH&rSm aocsmaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
      w½kwfEdkifiH&Sd c&pf,mef,HkMunfolrsm; owfjzwfjcif;? n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;ESifh rvGwfuif; Muyg/ trsm;aomolwkdYonf c&pfawmfudkpGefYMuonfhtwGuf toufaoab;rS vGwfajrmufvm&Mu ygonf/ tcsKdUaomolwkdYu t&Sdtwdkif; 0efcHMuonf/ tcsKdUurl 0efrcHMuyg/ jiif;qefaom olwkdYonf c&pfawmftay: opömcHolrsm;jzpfMuygonf/ ,efqdkolwpfOD;ESifh ZeD;tm; ewfbk&m; ausmif;wdkifü csOfaESmifxm;Muonf/ vufa0SYorm;rsm;u vlrqefpGm ½dkufESufMuNyD; avmifaeaom rD;awmufxJodkY ½IdUMuonf/ odkYygaomfvnf; xkdolwdkYESpfOD;onf c&pfawmfudk 0efcHqJyif jzpfonf/ aemufqHk;wGif ½I;eHYeHYvufa0SUorm;wpfOD;u rpö,eftm; rD;xJu u,f,lcJhonf/ olYa,mufusfm; udkrl xdkrD;xJüyif avmifuRrf; apcJhonf/ olYtavmif;udk vlaotavmif;rD;½IdY&m xif;yHkay:rSm ypfcsum avmifuRrf;apcJhMuonf/ xdktavmif;udk avmifaepOf q,fxkwfzdkY BudK;pm;cJhaom ppfom;udkyif tydkif;ykdif;owfjzwfcJhMuonf/ xkdowif;udkMum;í a'gorD;avmif aeaom ppfom; rsm;u xkdewfbk&m;AdrmefawmfrS vufa0SUorm;rsm;tm; ac:xkwfMuonf/ rD;avmifaeaom rpöwm,efudkvnf; q,f,lMuNyD; &ufpufaom w&m;olBuD;u xkdrpöwm,eftm; axmifcsum axmifxJüyif uG,fvGefoGm;&Sm cJhonf/
      aemifyHkrSeftaetxm;odkY jyefa&mufcsdefwGif oHk;aomif;xufrenf;aom w½kwfEdkifiH&Sd c&pf,mefrsm; rmwk&taocHcJhMuNyD; (in The China Martyrs of 1900,) a&mbwfumAefx&Dazgquf a&;om;xm;onfrSm vufa0SUorm;wkdYu &uf&uf pufpufowfjzwfí rmwk&taocHolrsm;onf vGefcJhaomq,fpkESpfu w½kwfEdkifiH toif;awmfordkif;ü rmwk&taocHolrsm;xuf rsm;aeygonf/ &ifepfatmif n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif; cHMu&onf/ aoonfhwdkifatmif n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;udk cHMu& onf/ (Riley K. Smith, China: the Blood-Stained Trail, Living Sacrifice Book Company, 2008, pp. 46, 47, 49, 50, 51).

urÇm'kwd,ppfyGJwkef;u *syefEdkifiHonf w½kwfEdkifiHudk usL;ausmf0ifa&mufpOfum n§if;yef; ESdyfpufjcif;udk ajymjyvdkygao;onf/ uREkfyf\vufOD; oif;tkyfq&m a'gufwmwdarmaovif;onf w½kwfEdkifiH&Sd rdbrJhausmif;\acgif;aqmifjzpfygonf/ *syefrsm;csDwuf0ifa&mufpOf a'gufwmvif; u rdbrJhuav;rsm;ESifhol\ZeD;ESifhorD;udk ab;vGwf&modkY avSjzifhajymif;a&TUcJhygonf/ *syef avwyfrsm; xdkavSudkypfcwfwkdufcdkufojzifh a'gufwmvif;\ ZeD;ESifhorD;wkdY toufqHk;cJh&onf/ a'gufwmvif;u avSteD;tem;odkY ra&mufcif xGufajy;cJh&í vnfyif;üxdcdkufum toufoDoD uav; vGwfajrmufcJh&ygonf/ ol\vnfyif;temjzifh aovkarsmyg;cH&aeygaomfvnf; tar&duef odkY jyefa&mufvmEdkifojzifh touf&SifcJh&um þbk&m;ausmif;üyif uREkfyf\vufOD;oif;tkyfq&m tjzpf usrf;pmudk (24)ESpfwdkifwdkif oifMum;cJhonf/ oif;tkyfq&m 0kef;y&efuJhodkY a'gufwmvif; onfvnf; rmwk&acwfuuJhodkY touf&Sif&aomfvnf; xkdtEÅ&m,frSvGwfajrmufvmum c&pfawmf tzdkY w&m;a'oema[mMum;cJholjzpfonf/ (1966-1969) ckESpf ,Ofaus;rItoGifajymif;vJa&;umv uGefjrLepftmPm&Sif armfpDwHk;vufxuf n§if;yef;ESdyfpuftaocHwdkufcdkufjcif;taMumif;vnf; ajymvdkyg ao;onf/ oif;tkyfq&m &pfcsuf0kef;b&ef;u tzufzufüawmfaom q&mwpfyg; jzpfygonf/ uREkfyfwdkYtoif;awmfüvnf; tBudrfaygif;rsm;pGm w&m;a'oema[mMum;cJhol jzpfonf/ olonf av;pm;*kPf,lzG,f ]]rmwk&atmfoH (The Voice of the Martyrs) pmaqmifudk wnfaxmifoljzpfonf/ www.persecution.com udkESdyf0ifEdkifygonf/ oif;tkyfq&m 0kef;b&ef;\ (website) ü w½kwfEdkifiH&Sdc&pf,mefrsm;tm; n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;udk Munfh½I zwfMum;Edkifygonf/ oif;tkyfq&m0kef;b&ef;onf touf&Sifusef&pfaom rmwk&jzpfonf/ ½lrD;eD;,m;uGefjrLepftusOf;pcef;ü (14)ESpfwkdifwdkif tusOf;uscJholjzpfonf/ olonf (3)ESpfwdwd toHrMum; aea&mifrjrifaom tcef;usOf;xJü csKyfaESmifjcif;cH&onf/ þqkawmif;jcif;tpDtpOf tNyD;wGif uRefawmfwkdYtm;vHk; Tortured For Christ c&pfawmf twGuf n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;[laom oif;tkyfq&m0kef;b&ef;\ tacGudk uREkfyfwdkY MunfhMu ygpdkY / oif;tkyfq&m0kef;b&ef;ajymMum;aom w½kwfEdkifiH armfpDwHk;vufxuf ,Ofaus;rI toGifajymif;vJa&;umvü w½kwfEdkifiH&Sd c&pf,mef,HkMunfolrsm;\ n§if;yef; ESdyfpufjcif; ESifhygwfoufaom 0kef;b&ef;ajymMum;orQudk em;axmifapvdkygonf/

      w½kwfEdkifiHü'ku©a0'emcHpm;&jcif;onf tEdIif;rJhjzpf\/ w½kwfEkdifiHodkY OD;qHk; omoemjyKq&mBuD;'D.&DpfajymMum;onfrSm ]]uREkfyf\w½kwftrsKd;om; rdwfaqGrsm;onf taocHay;qyfMuukefNyD/ axmifxJtusOf;cscH&NyD/ aemuf wpfOD;uawmh rsufpduG,foGm; &SmNyD/ aemufwpfa,mufudkusawmh tcef; usOf;usOf;xJü zrf;qD;csKyfxm; MuNyD/ usefESpfOD; rSm wDADa&m*gjzifh uG,fvGef oGm;&SmNyD/ odkYaomfvnf; w½kwfEdkifiHwGif axmifESifhcsDí c&pfawmfudk ,HkMunfvufcHolrsm; rsm;oxufrsm;aeygonf/
      tdE´d,trsKd;om; a'gufwmwpfOD;jzpfaom umrmef&Sef'wf'fonfvnf; tusOf; axmifxJwGif ajcaxmufjzwfypfjcif; cH&onf/ rsufpdvnf; xkwf ypfjcif; cHcJh&ygonf/
      ADvm'DrDwmwDpfcsyfAf ½k&Sm;trsKd;om;wpfOD;vnf; &Sef[dkif;NrdKUü tzrf;qD;cH cJh&onf/ oHBudK;ESifhwkyfaESmifxm;NyD; r[kwfrrSefoufao xGufqdkonfhwdkifatmif tkwfeH&H wGif t½dk;usKd;onfhtxd csdwfqGJxm;onf/ okdYaomfvnf; xkdolonftrSeftwdkif;om ajymMum;cJhonf/ uGefjrLepf&Jom;rsm; onf xdkol\tdrfodkYoGm;a&mufNyD; uav;i,fudk r ,lNyD; uav;tartm; tu,fí cif;Asm;a,musFm;jypfrIusL;vGefonf[k vufrSwfra&;xkd;ygu oifhuav;udk &uf&ufpufpufowfypfrnf[kqdk\/ uav;tar uvnf; trSefw&m;udkom qGJudkifoljzpfí vufrSwfa&;xdk;&ef jiif;qefcJhonf/ uGefjrLepf&JUom;rsm;u uav;tarudk,fwdkif rdrd\uav;udk owfjzwfapNyD;? xdkrddcifudkvnf; aoewfjzifhypfowfcJhygonf/
      1970? {NyDv 7 &ufaeY armfpudka&'D,dktoHrS (10)ESpfwm tawm twGif; (25)oef;ru w½kwfEdkifiHwGif taoowfjcif;cH&Muonf/ oef;csDaom olwkdYudk tusOf;pcef; rsm;odkY csypfMuonf/}}
      1969? arv 7 &ufaeY armfpudkowif;pmü a&;om;az:jyonfrSm w½kwfuGefjrLepfygwDu uefYESifha&maomrD;jzifh qlaeaoma&xJodkY rsufpd yGifhxGufvmonfh txd xnfhjyKwfMuonf/ armif;cs"g;jzifh ajcaxmufrsm;udk ckwfjzwfMuonf/ OD;aESmufyGifh xGufvmonftxd acgif;udkausmufcJjzifh ypfaygufMuonf/ ododomoma&;om;xm;onf/ rsm;pGmaomw½kwfnDtudk armifESrrsm;onf rsufpduef;í vufESifhprf;w0g;0g;prf;í oGm;ae&MuNyD/ tcsKdUwdkYonf ajcvufjzwfawmuf&ojzifh 0rf;Adkufjzifh a&TUvsm;oGm; ae&Muonf/ okdYygaomfvnf; ajratmufc&pf,mefvIyf&Sm;rIjzifh tvsiftjref ajymif;vJ wdk;yGm;vQuf &Sdaeygonf/ (Pastor Richard Wurmbrand, Th.D., Where Christ is Still Tortured, Marshalls Paperbacks, London, 1982, pp. 130. 131).

&ifeifhatmifpl;&Saom emusifa0'emrsm; w½kwfEdkifiHü&Sd c&pf,mefrsm; cHpm;ae&jcif; udk we*FaEGaeYnü em;axmif&MuNyD; bk&m;ausmif;ü vma&mufMuaom olwkdYtxJu ]]&ifeifhatmifn§if;yef;jcif;udkcH&MuNyD; tusOf;axmifxJ rw&m;oGif;csjcif;udk cH&aomfvnf; tb,faMumifh w½kwfEdkifiH&Sdvlrsm; c&pf,mefbmomxJ 0if&Muoenf; ? tajzonf or®musrf;pmawmfjrwfüomawGU&ygonf/ ab;'PfBuD;umvüyif aumif;uifwrefrsm;u ]] igwkdYbk&m;ocif\ uRefwdkYudk ezl;üwHqdyfrcwfrnf/

]]igwkdYbk&m;ocif\ uRefwdkYudk ezl;ü wHqdyfrcwfrnfwdkifatmif? ajr? yifv,f? opfyifwkdYudk rn§if;qJygESifh[k BuD;aomtoHESifh a<u;aMumfav\(Asm'dwfusrf; 7;3)??

¤if;usrf;ydk'fu *sL; 144000 wdkYonf c&pfawmfxH jyefvnfwdk;0if ajymif;vJ Muygvdrfhrnf/ xdkolwkdY\ ezl;(pdwfESvHk;om;)ü oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfu wHqdyfcwfyg vdrfhrnf/ {zuf 1;12-13 ü wHqdyfcwfjcif; taMumif;udkajymxm;ygonf/

]]taMumif;rlum; c&pfawmfudk arQmfvifhESifhaom igwkdYtm;jzifh bkef;awmfudk csD;rGrf;apjcif;taMumif; jzpfownf;/ oifwkdYonfvnf; u,fwifawmfrljcif;taMumif;ESifh ,SOfaom{0Ha*vdw&m;wnf;[laom or®w&m;udk Mum;em&í xdkc&pfawmfudk ,HkMunfNyD;rS uwdawmfESifh ,SOfaom oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ wHqdyfcwfjcif;udk cHMu&onf/}} ({zuf 1;12-13)

vlwpfOD;onf ppfrSefpGmtoufwmajymif;vJNyD;aemuf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ wHqdyfcwfjcif;udk cHNyD;jzpfonf/ Asm'dwf 7;3ü azmfjyxm;ouJhodkY (144000)aom *sL;vlwkdYonf ab;'PfBuD;umv ezl;übk&m;ocif\wHqdyfcwfjcif;udk cH&MuouJhodkY oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ wHqdyfcwfjcif;udk cH&Murnf/ a&vTrf;rdk;jcif;rwdkifrSD aem{ESifh rdom;pkonf oabFmxJodkY 0ifawmfrlNyD; bk&m;ocifu oabFmwHcg;udk ydwfíwHqdyfcwfjcif; cH&onf/ (urÇmOD; 7;16)/ aem{rdom;pk oabFmxJodkY0ifNyD; bk&m;ocif\ wHqdyfcwfjcif; udk cH&ouJhodkY ppfrSefpGmajymif;vJaom c&pf,mef,HkMunfolrsm;vnf; 0dnmOfawmf\ wHqdyfcwfjcif;udk cH&Muygvdrhfrnf/ ({zuf 1;13)/ aem{rdom;pkudk oabFmxJü bk&m;ocifwHqdyfcwfxm;ouJhokdY ab;'PfBuD;umvü ajymif;vJrnfh*sL;vlrsKd; wdkYudkvnf; bk&m;ocifonf ezl;üwHqdyfcwfjcif; cH&Muygrnf/ bk&m;ocif wHqdyfcwfjcif;udk aem{ rdom;pk oabFmxJü cH&Muonfenf;wl bk&m;ocif wHqdyfcwfjcif;udk cH&ygu rnfonfh taMumif;udpöjzpfap oif\u,fwifjcif; raysmufEdkifawmhyg/ uwdawmfESifh,SOfaom oefYSif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ wHqdyfcwfjcif;udk cH&aomaMumifh oifonf xm0&pdwfcsrI&&SdNyD jzpfonf/ ({zuf 1;13)/ rnfrQyif n§if;yef; ESdyfpufjcif;cH&ygap oifonf ezl;üwHqdyfcwfjcif;udk cH&NyDjzpfaomaMumifh c&pfawmfESifh rcGJ rcGgEdkifawmhyg/

þonf ab;'PfBuD;umv\ *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;wkdYom BuHKawGU&rnfh tjzpftysuf r[kwfyg/ ,aeYyif axmifaomif;csDaom w½kwfc&pf,mefrsm; BuHKawGUae&ygonf/ rdwfaqG oifüvnf;xkduJhodkY jzpfysufvmygrnf/

c&pfawmfxHodkY wdk;0ifcsOf;uyfyg/ c&pfawmfudk,HkMunfvufcHyg/ pdwfESvHk; t<uif;rJh udk,fpGrf;? OmPfpGrf;&SdorQESifh udk;pm;yg/ xkdodkY vkyfaqmifygu oifonf topf wzefarG;zGm;jcif; cH&ygrnf/ bk&m;ocif\ wHqdufcwfjcif;udkcH&ygu rnfonfh taMumif; aMumif;aMumifh n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif; jyóemtwd'ku© a&mufaeygap/ oif\ u,fwifjcif; pdwfcsrI raysmufyg/ c&pfawmfocifü oif\toufwm vHkNcHKrI&Sdaeí jzpfonf/ ab;'PfBuD;umvü *sL;ajymif;vJolwkdY vQdKU0SufpGmxkdodkY awGUBuHK&ayrnf/ ,aeY w½kwfc&pf,mef,HkMunfolrsm; wdwfqdwfpGm BuHKawGUae&Muygonf/ olwkdY a,½Iudk,HkMunf aomaMumifh xm0&touf&Sifjcif;udk &&SdMuayNyD/ rnfokdYyif n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif; ab;'ku©BuHKawGU&ygap xkdolwdkYonf b,fawmhrS ,HkMunfjcif;udk rpGefYyJ pmwefrm&fewf aemufodkYvnf; rvdkufwwfMuyg/

c&pfawmfonf vuf0g;uyfwdkifay:wGif tjypf\ tzdk;tctwGuf ay;acsvdkufNyD jzpfonf/ oifhtjypfudkaq;aMumzdkY taoG; oGef;avmif; NyD;jzpfygonf/ xkdocifxH wdk;0ifcsOf;uyfyg/ ,HkMunfudk;pm;yg/ oifhtm; xm0& touftvdkYiSm a&G;EIwfygvdrhfrnf/ oif\xm0&touf b,fawmhrS raysmuf&awmhyg/ pHkprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;cH&ygaomfvnf; toif;awmfudk rpGefYygESifh/ c&pfawmfudkvnf; ausmrcdkif;ygESifh/ oifhtjypfrsm;udk odem;vnf oabmaygufNyD; u,fwif&Sifc&pfawmfxH wdk;0ifvmygrnftaMumif; oifhtzkdY qkawmif;ay; aeygonf/ c&pfawmfbk&m;\ tjypfcGifhvGwfjcif; qkaus;Zl;udk oifcHpm;zdkYtvkdYiSm qkawmif;ay;ygonf/ oifonf rMumcif toufwmajymif;vJNyD; c&pfawmfESifhrdwfo[m& tuRrf;w0if&SdEdkifzkdY qkawmif;ay;aeygonf/ (tmrif)/

a'gufwm*Reftm½dkufpf oDuHk;aom oDcsif;eHygwf(8) ]]vuf0g;uyfwdkifudk xrf;&Gufjcif;usL;}} udk oDqdkMuygpdkY/

a,½IuREkffyfonf udk,fhvuf0g;um;wdkifxrf;í aemufvdkufygrnf/
pm;p&mr&Sd? txiftjrifao;? pGefYypfcH&vQif udk,fawmfuREkfyfudk jynfhpHkapNyD/
uRefkyf\ tvdkqE´udkpGefYí arQmfvifh&mt&Sifocifudk,fawmfxHodkYom
udk,fawmfü csrf;omyg\/ aumif;uifbHkodkY uREkfyftzdkYaywnf;/

þavmuuREfkyfudk pGefYypfaomfvnf; udk,fawmfudkpGefYypfaomfjim;vnf;
udk,fawmfonf oem;Muifemaom t&Sifocifjzpfawmfrlyg\/
udk,fawmfonf uRekfyftm; jyHK;jyaomtcg uREkfyfü cGeftm;&Sdyg\/
&efolrsm;\ pGefYypfcH&ygaomfvnf; udk,fawmfom uREkfyf\tvif;&Sifyg/

olwyg;onf uREkfyftm; qif;&Japaomfvnf; uREkfyfudk,fawmf&ifcGifü&Sdyg\/
b0toufwmarmyef;aomfvnf; aumif;uifbHkwGif uREkfyftzdkYat;jrvsuf&Sd
aomuylaqG;rIu uREkffyftm; udk,fawmfarwåmomvQif at;jrap\/
0rf;enf;aMuuGJrIrsm;ygaomfvnf; udk,fawmfom 0rf;ajrmuf&mt&Sifjzpfayonf
   (1793-1847 ckESpfü [ife&DtufzfvkdufoDuHk;aom vuf0g;um;wdkifudk
      xrf;&Gufjcif;usL;)

a'oemed*Hk;
a'gufwmtdkifrm\ w&m;a'oemudk tifwufeufpmrsufESm tywfwdkif; zwf½IEdkif
onf/www.realconversion.com ESdyfyg ]]w&m;a'oempmrl}}

You may email Dr. Hymers at rlhymersjr@sbcglobal.net, (Click Here) –
or you may write to him at P.O. Box 15308, Los Angeles, CA 90015.
Or phone him at (818)352-0452.

w&m;a'oemawmfrwdkifcif a'gufwmc&dwfweft,fvfcsefrS {zuf 1;5-13 udk zwfMum;ay;ygonf/
w&m;a'oemawmfrwdkifcif rpöwmbif*srifcifudwf*&dwfzpfrS (1793-1847
ckESpfü [ife&DtufzfvkdufoDuHk;aom vuf0g;um;wdkifudk xrf;&Gufjcif;usL;}} udk oDqdkay;ygonf/