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ppfrSefaomajymif;vJjcif; REAL CONVERSION – 2010 EDITION a'gufwm tm&f? t,fvf? [dkifrm-a*st,fvfrS 2010 ckESpf rwfv (30)&uf? avmh(pf)tif*svdNrdKU?wJawmfESpfjcif; ]]igtrSeftuefqdkonfum; ajymif;vJíoli,fuJhodkYrjzpfvQif aumif;uifEdkifiHawmfodkY ra&muf&Mu/}} (&SifróJ 18;3) |
a,½Ibk&m; yGifhvif;wduspGm rdefYawmfrlonfum; topfjyKjyifajymif;vJaomolrS wpfyg; tb,folrQ aumif;uifEdkifiHawmfodkY r0if&Mu/ xdkYaMumifh a,½Ibk&m; yGifhvif;wduspGm rdefYawmf rlonfhxm;onfhtwdkif; rdwfaqG\toufwmonf topfwzefajymif; vJ&rnf/ tu,fí rdwfaqGonf ajymif;vJaomtoufwmr&Sdygu aumif;uifEdkifiHawmfodkY 0ifpm;&rnfr[kwfyg/
'DuaeYreuf toufwmajymif;vJjcif;r&Sdaom olwkdYü rnfonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm; jzpfysufvmrnfudk rdwfaqGwdkkYtm; ajymvdkygonf/ pyg;*RefajymMum;onfrSm rdwfaqG\ ,HkMunfjcif;tjriftwkdif; jzpfvmEdkifonf[k xifaumif;xifygvdrhfrnf/ wu,fawmh ,HkMunfjcif;onf tqifh? wqifhNyDwqifh ajymif;vJwkd;wufvmonfudk awGU&onf/ (pD-tdypyg;\ Around the Wicket Gate wuúfqufjynfe,f? yDu&ifrfpmyHkESdyfwdkuf 1992-pm57) xkwfa0onf/
I. yxrtqifhrdwfaqGonftjcm;taMumif;udpöaMumif; bk&m;ausmif;udk a&muf&Sd vmjcif;xufydkí rdwfaqG\toufwmajymif;vJzkdY vma&mufjcif;jzpf&rnf/
vlwdkif;vdkvdkyif rdrdwdkY\toufwmtapmydkif;udk rSm;,Gif;aomtaMumif;udpötwGuf bk&m;ausmif;udk wufa&mufMuonf/ uREkfyfvnf; xkduJhodkYjzpfcJhzl;onf/ ]]tHhMozG,faus;Zl; awmf}} "r®oDcsif;udk oDqdkaomrpöwm *&dzpfvnf; xdkenf;wljzpfcJhzl;onf/ xdkolwkdYuJhokdY rdwfaqGwdkYtm;vHk;vnf; jzpfaumif;jzpfEdkifMuonf/
uRefawmf q,fausmfouft&G,fwkef;u tdrfab;em;uyf&yfrdom;pkrsm; zdwfac:rIaMumifh xkdrdom;pkwdkYESifh bk&m;ausmif;udk oGm;cJhonf/ uRefawmfonf txD;usefqefaeNyD; tdrfem;uyf&yfrdom;pkwkdY\ aEG;axG;pGm zdwfac:rIaMumifh 1954 ckESpfwGif bk&m;ausmif;udk pwifa&muf&SdcJhygonf/ xdkt&monf ppfrSefrSefuefaom taMumif;t&mudk odvdkaomiSg bk&m;ausmif;udka&muf&Sdwm [kwfyghrvm; ? yxrtBudrf bk&m;ausmif;a&mufwkef;u a'oemawmftqHk; ed*Hk;rcsKyfcif Mum;vdkuf&aomw&m;pum; aMumifh uREkfyfonf ESpfjcif;r*FvmudkcH,lNyD; bk&m;ausmif;udk qufvufí oGm;cJhygonf/ onfhtwGufaMumifh ,aeY uRefawmf[m ESpfjcif;0ifwpfa,mufjzpfvmwmaygh/ odkYaomfvnf; uRefawmf topfwzef ajymif;vJjcif;r&Sdao;yg/ uREkfyfudk,fwdkif topfajymif;vJcsifvdkY bk&m;ausmif;udkoGm;wmr[kwfbJ/ tdrfem;uyf&yfrdom;pkawG&JU aEG;axG;pGm zdwfac:rIaMumifh a&muf&SdcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ 1961 ? pufwifbmv 28 &ufaeY? a'gufwmcsm;pfa*s0l;b&dwf\ tdkiftdkvmaumvdyf (tckqdk&if bdkiftdkvmwuúodkvf)ü a[mMum;cJhaom a'oemawmfudk aemufqHk;Mum;NyD; toufwmajymif;vJroGm;cif uRefawmfonf ckESpfESpfvHk;vHk; armyef;pGmjzifh bk&m;ausmif;udk oGm;cJhwmjzpfonf/
rdwfaqG oifaumb,fvdkenf;? uav;oli,frkdY rdbrsm;uwGJac:íom bk&m;ausmif;udk a&mufjzpfwmvm;? odkYr[kwf wpfa,mufwnf; txD;usefaeí pdwfajyvufaysmuf a&mufjzpfwmvm;? tu,fírdwfaqGonf rdrd\trl tusifhxJrS rajymif;vJbl;qdkvQif uav;uJhodkY q&mq&mrrsm;\ jyKpkapmifha&Smufjcif;cHzkdY bk&m;ausmif;odkY a&muf&SdonfrSefvQif rdwfaqGonf ppfrSefajymif;vJaomvlopf[k rqdkEdkif ao;yg/ rdwfaqGonfvnf; uREkfyf\toufwma[mif;uJhodkY wpfa,mufwnf;txD;usef qefaeíaomf¤if;? wpfpHkwpfa,mufu zdwfac:íaomf¤if;? wpfpHkwpfa,mufaomol\ aEG;axG;om,mjcif;cHvdkí bk&m;ausmif;udk a&mufjzpfovm;? tu,fíxkduJhodkY jzpfcJhr,fqdk vQif rdwfaqGonf c&pfawmfü topfjyKjyifaomowå0g[k rac:qdkEdkifao;yg/ wvGJ r,lMu ygESifh/ uav;oli,fuJhodkY tjyKtrl rajyif;vJonfyJjzpfjzpf txD;usefqefaeíyJ jzpfjzpf vGefcJhaom (13)ESpfom;t&G,f uREkfyfuJhodkYyJjzpfjzpf ,aeYrdwfaqG þae&mudk a&muf&SdEdkifwJh twGuf t&rf;0rf;omygw,f/ xdkt&mrsm;onf bk&m;ausmif;udk a&muf&SdzdkYwGef;ydkY ay;aom taMumif;t&mawGjzpfonf/ 'gayrJh xdkt&mrsm;u rdwfaqG\b0touf wmudk topfjyKjyif íray;Ekdifyg/ rdwfaqGonf {ueftrSef u,fwifjcif;pdwfcsrItwGuf toufwm ajymif;vJjcif; &dS&ygrnf/
uav;oli,fuJhodkY trltusifhrajymif;vJonfjzpfap? txD;usefqefaeí bk&m;ausmif;udka&mufjzpfonfyJjzpfap? ,aeY rdwfaqGwkdY þae&mrSm a&muf&Sdu wnf;u vHk;0rrSm;awmhygbl;/ rdwfaqGonf pdwfoufom&m &&SdzdkYtwGuf bk&m;ausmif; a&muf&Sd wmrsKd;r[kwfbJ ppfrSefaomtoufwm vlopf?owå0gopfjzpfzkdY ajymif;vJvdkcsifaom pdwf&Sd& ygrnf/
II. 'kwd,tqifh bk&m;ocifwpfyg;wnf;om&SdaMumif;udk rdwfaqGod&Sd&rnf/
rdwfaqGonf bk&m;ausmif;odkYrvma&mufcif bk&m;ocifwpfqlwnf;&SdaMumif;udk em; vnfaumif;em;vnfygvdrfhrnf/ odkYaomfvnf; or®mw&m;ESifhqdkifaom {0Ha*vdowif; aumif;ESifh xdyfwdkufrawGUcif tcsKdUaomolwkdYü bk&m;ocif&SdaMumif; cH,lcsufonf rIef0g;0g; jzpfwwfygonf/ rdwfaqG þae&modkY a&muf&SdvmEdkifonhftwGuf rIef0g;aeaomt&mrsm; &Sif;vif;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/
rdwfaqGonf bk&m;ausmif;ü q&m^q&mrwdkY\ qHk;ryJhjyifjcif;udk cH,lkvmNyDjzpfí usrf;ykd'fawmfawmfrsm; odaeavmufygNyD/ b,fae&mrSm b,fusrf;ydk'frsm; &Sdw,fqdkwm udk vG,fvG,fululeJY &SmazGodaeavmufygNyD/ u,fwifjcif;taMumif;udkvnf; odavmufygNyD/ usrf;csufawmfawmfrsm;ESifh "r®oDcsif;rsm;rsm;pm;pm; odavmufygNyD/ odkYaomf vnf; bk&m;ocifonf rdwfaqGtwGufawmh raorcsmr&Sif;rvif; a00g;aeqJjzpfrSmyg/
rMumrD rdwfaqGonf vlopfwpfOD;(odkYr[kwf) EdkYqdkYoli,fjzpfaeygap wpfpHkwpf&m rdwfaqG\ toufwmü jzpfysufvmawmhrSmyg/ xkdtcg rdwfaqGonf bk&m;ociftaMumif;udk ajym½Hk oufoufr[kwfawmhbJ bk&m;ocifwpfyg;wnf; wu,f&SdaMumif;udk pwifí em;vnf;vmyg awmh rnf/ b&m;ocifonf yk*¾dKvfwpfyg;uJhodkY rdwfaqGodem;vnfvmawmhrnf jzpfonf/ uRefawmfonf touf(15)\ESpft&G,f uREkfyftzGm;udkajrjr§yfoN*ØK[fonfhaeY opfyifawG&JU atmufrSm ocsKdif;ukef;ajray:rSm vJuswJhtcsdefrSmvnf; bk&m;ocifonf touf&Sifaom yk*¾dKvfwpfyg;jzpfaMumif; odem;vnfcJhygonf/ odkYayr,fh uREkfyftoufwm topfjyKjyif ajymif;vJwmawmh r[kwfao;yg/
xkduJhodkYaom tawGUtBuHK rdwfaqGwdkY BuHKzl;ygovm;? oifh toufwmü bk&m;ocifonf yk*¾dKvfuJhodkY xif&Sm;zl;ygovm;? xdktawGUtBuHKonf tvGefyif ta&;BuD;ygonf/ or®musrf;pm rdefYawmfrlonfrSm
,HkMunfjcif;r&SdvQif bk&m;ocif \pdwfawmfESifhrawGUEdkif/ taMumif;rlum; bk&m;ocifxHawmfodkY csOf;uyfaomolonf bk&m; ocif&Sdawmfrlonfudk¤if;? udk,fawmfudk&Smaomoltm; tusKd;ay;awmfrlonfudk¤if;? ,HkMunf& onf/ (a[NAJ 11;6)/
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xdkYaMumifh uRefawmfajymjyvdkonfrSm bk&m;ocif trSefwu,fwnf&SdaMumif; rodem;rvnfaomfvnf; bk&m;ausmif;udk a&muf&SdvmEdkifjcif; onfaumif;rGefaomtvm;tvmyifjzpfonf/ jzpfysufjcif;aomf¤if;? tapmwvsifaomf vnf;aumif; rdwfaqGonf bk&m;ociftrSefwnf&SdaMumif;udk od&Sdvmrnfjzpfonf/ xkdt&m onf 'kwd,ajcvSrf;omjzpfonf/ topfjyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;r[kwfao;yg/
III. wwd,tqifh jypfrIusL;vGefjcif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ trsufa'go oifhtay: ü wnfaeonfudk odem;vnfyg/
or®musrf;pm rdefYawmfrlonfum; xkdYaMumifh Zmwdyuwdü usifvnfaomol (rajymif; vJol)wdkYonf bk&m;ocif\pdwfawmfESifh rawGUEdkifMu/ ajymif;vJjcif;r&Sdaomolonf bk&m; ocif\ pdwfawmfESifhrawGUEdkif[k rdwfaqG em;vnf&ygrnf/ taMumif;rSm tjypfom;wpfOD; jzpfaeonfudk tpOD;pGmod&ygrnf/ pdwfcdkifrmí aemifwr&onfESifhtnD trsufawmfaeYjzpf aom bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;pD&if&maeYü udk,fcHp&mzdkY trsufudkodrf;qnf;avmh/ (a&mr 2;5)/ or®musrf;pm rdefYawmfrljyefonfum;
bk&m;ocifonf w&m;ojzifh pD&ifaom bk&m;jzpfí rw&m;aomoludk tpOftrsufxGufawmfrl\/ (qmvH 7;11)/
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